American Congregational minister Cotton Mather.

Cotton Mather

(1663 - 1728)

Rafael Marques

Mary Ware Dennett

(1872 - 1947)

Former President of the United States Richard Nixon.

Richard Nixon

(1914 - 1994)

Black and white photograph of American anarchist Emma Goldman.

Emma Goldman

(1869 - 1940)

Richard Cohen. Photograph by Christopher Dickey

Richard Cohen

David Frost

(1939 - 2013)

Portrait of French political philosopher Montesquieu.

Montesquieu

(1689 - 1755)

Jill Leovy

William Blackstone

(1723 - 1780)

al-Mawardi

(c. 972 - 1058)

Isabella Whitney

(c. 1540 - c. 1580)

Madame Roland

(1754 - 1793)

Erica Benner

Erica Benner

Jewish philosopher, jurist, and physician Moses Maimonides.

Moses Maimonides

(1135 - 1204)

Black and white image of Greek biographer and writer Plutarch.

Plutarch

(46 - c. 120)

M. Edith Durham

(1863 - 1944)

Hans Holbein portrait of Sir Thomas More.

Thomas More

(1478 - 1535)

Color portrait of English philosopher John Locke.

John Locke

(1632 - 1704)

John Marshall

(1755 - 1835)

Jacobo Timerman

(1923 - 1999)

Ellen Ullman

Okuni Takamasa

(1793 - 1871)

Gratian

(c. 1099 - c. 1159)

Catherine the Great

(1729 - 1796)

Edith Simcox

(1844 - 1901)

John Paul Stevens

Jon Wiener

Janet Malcolm

(1934 - 2021)

Joseph de Maistre

(1753 - 1821)

Lucy Stone.

Lucy Stone

(1818 - 1893)

Ruth Bader Ginsburg

(1933 - 2020)

William Hogeland

William Hogeland

Olympe de Gouges

(1748 - 1793)

T. Obinkaram Echewa

Immanuel Kant

(1724 - 1804)

Elizabeth I

(1533 - 1603)

José Hernández

(1834 - 1886)

Lewis Lapham at his desk

Lewis H. Lapham

(1935 - 2024)

Muhammad al-Muwaylihi

(1858 - 1930)

Black and white photograph of Friedrich Nietzsche with a huge mustache.

Friedrich Nietzsche

(1844 - 1900)

Nat Nakasa

(1937 - 1965)

Painted portrait of Scottish philosopher David Hume.

David Hume

(1711 - 1776)

Angela Y. Davis

British historian Edward Gibbon.

Edward Gibbon

(1737 - 1794)

Arundhati Roy

Photograph of President Abraham Lincoln sitting in a chair.

Abraham Lincoln

(1809 - 1865)

Livy

(c. 59 BC - c. 17)

American physicist Richard Feynman.

Richard Feynman

(1918 - 1988)

Color photograph of author David Graeber wearing a t-shirt.

David Graeber

(1961 - 2020)

Ralph Nader

Color portrait of German theologian and reformer Martin Luther.

Martin Luther

(1483 - 1546)

Photograph of African American abolitionist and U.S. diplomat Frederick Douglass.

Frederick Douglass

(c. 1818 - 1895)

Charlie Chaplin

(1889 - 1977)

Black and white photograph of German-language writer Franz Kafka.

Franz Kafka

(1883 - 1924)

Image of Renaissance humanist and scholar Poggio Bracciolini.

Poggio Bracciolini

(1380 - 1459)

Eugène Sue

(1804 - 1857)

Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.

(1841 - 1935)

Anne Boleyn

(c. 1507 - 1536)

French general and emperor Napoleon Bonaparte.

Napoleon Bonaparte

(1769 - 1821)

Galileo Galilei

(1564 - 1642)

Sepia toned photograph of Lewis Carroll in a suit, reading a book

Lewis Carroll

(1832 - 1898)

Horace Gray

(1828 - 1902)

Wheel of Fortune from the Carmina Burana.

Carmina Burana

Photograph of Native American poet and novelist Leslie Marmon Silko.

Leslie Marmon Silko

Photograph of English novelist Charles Dickens.

Charles Dickens

(1812 - 1870)

Joan Cocks

Joan Cocks

Sculpture bust of Greek dramatist Euripides.

Euripides

(c. 484 BC - c. 406 BC)

John Lyde Wilson

(1784 - 1849)

Myron H. Thompson

Juvenal

(c. 60 - c. 130)

Nikolay Bukharin

(1888 - 1938)

Han Fei

(c. 280 BC - 233 BC)

Paul Butler

William Cowper

(1731 - 1800)

E.P. Thompson

(1924 - 1993)

Black and white image of English philosopher and political theorist John Stuart Mill.

John Stuart Mill

(1806 - 1873)