Martin Luther
(1483 - 1546)
While the story about Martin Luther nailing his Ninety-five Theses to a church door is apocryphal, he did send the document on October 31, 1517, to Archbishop Albert of Mainz, who passed it along to Pope Leo X in Rome. Printed copies of Luther’s protestations circulated widely in Germany. Shortly after his excommunication in 1521, he was ordered to appear before the Diet of Worms, where he refused to recant any of his claims and purportedly remarked, “Here I stand. I cannot do otherwise. God help me.”