School of Athens, by Raphael, 1505, Apostolic Palace, Vatican City.

School of Athens, by Raphael, 1505. Apostolic Palace, Vatican City.

Ways of Learning

Volume 1, Number 4 | fall 2008

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A Young Man Being Introduced to the Seven Liberal Arts, by Sandro Botticelli, c. 1484. Louvre Museum, Paris, France.

Preamble

Playing with Fire

By Lewis H. Lapham

The framework of American education holds fast to the ardent but mistaken belief that education is a commodity, the stuff that one pours into empty vessels.

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The Seven Liberal Arts, by Giovanni di ser Giovanni Guidi, c. 1460. Museu Nacional d'Art de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.

The College Idea

By Andrew Delbanco

What it was, is, and should be.

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Map

The Art of Knowing

Advancements in writing, medicine, mapmaking, and building.

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1903 | Tuskegee

Pragmatism

Booker T. Washington on rediscovering industrious habits.More

c. 585 | Chang’an

Polished Gold

There is no reward without effort.More

c. 500 BC | Lu

Seek and Ye Shall Find

Confucius on the hierarchy of knowledge. More

Charts & Graphs

Thought Control

Books condemned by U.S. public schools during the 1980s.

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Color image of English novelist Charlotte Brontë with book in hand.

Anglo-Saxon scholar Alcuin of York.

American writer Eudora Welty.

Christian scholar St. Jerome.

Painted portrait of English poet John Milton.

Portrait bust of Greek historian Xenophon.

Repetition is the mother of education.

—Jean Paul, 1807

Photo of stone Aristotle statue face

Color portrait of English philosopher John Locke.

Aristotle & John Locke

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