Richard I
(1157 - 1199)
King of England from 1189 to 1199, Richard the Lionheart spent all but six months of his rule abroad. An inveterate soldier and able tactician, Richard conducted campaigns in France, Sicily, and Cyprus; in the Holy Land during the Third Crusade, he fought against Sultan Saladin. He was said to have carried a copy of Flavius Vegetius Renatus’ De Re Militari with him wherever he went.