The Nation Is in Danger, or the Enrollment of Volunteers at the Place du Palais-Royal in July 1792, by Auguste-Hyacinthe Debay, 1832.

Preamble

Crowd Control

By Lewis H. Lapham

No country can preserve its political liberties unless its rulers know that their people preserve the spirit of resistance.

Essay

Market Corrections

By Orlando Figes

“Is this what we made the revolution for?” Examining the origins and legacy of the New Economic Policy.

Map

Scientific Revolutions

Paradigm shifts.

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Miscellany

Lamoignon de Malesherbes chose to defend Louis XVI during his trial of 1792 and 1793; years earlier, as secretary of state, Malesherbes had reported on the corruption in the king’s administration and condemned the imprisonment of French citizens without trial. Both the king and the lawyer were eventually guillotined. “No one is ignorant of the fact that M. de M, after defending the people before King Louis XVI, defended King Louis XVI before the people. I have not forgotten and will never forget these two exemplary actions,” wrote Alexis de Tocqueville, who was Malesherbes’ great-grandson.

Voices In Time

1826 | Lima

Of All Human Rewards

Simón Bolívar sends a thank-you note.More

Voices In Time

1914 | Philadelphia

Premeditated Discords

“If you were to sit on the keyboard, you would produce as much harmony as Schoenberg’s music possesses.”More

Voices In Time

1860 | London

Hit Piece

Darwin’s dishonoring of nature.More

Charts & Graphs

Working Revolutions

New inventions find homes in the workplace.

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Photograph of British cleric Samuel Wilberforce.

German socialist philosopher Friedrich Engels.

Finck was a music critic for The Nation and the New York Evening Post from 1881 to 1924.

Contributors

Color portrait of German theologian and reformer Martin Luther.

At the age of seventeen, Hawthorne mused to his mother about the possibility of “relying for support upon my pen.”

Black and white photograph of Argentine writer Julio Cortázar.

Engraving of William Shakespeare from the first folio edition.

This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending it, or their revolutionary right to dismember or overthrow it.

—Abraham Lincoln, 1861

Color image of French philosopher Auguste Comte.

Black and white photograph of psychologist and LSD advocate Timothy Leary.

Conversations

Auguste Comte & Timothy Leary

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Revolutions

1826 | Lima

1914 | Philadelphia

1860 | London